Suppose you're building a map application. You have millions of restaurants, gas stations, and landmarks, each with a latitude and longitude. A user taps the screen and asks: "What's near me?"
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To find these crucial border points, we employed a clever technique based on the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm. By simulating "flooding" roads with traffic from random start/end points, we could identify the natural bottlenecks – the "minimum cut" in graph theory terms. These bottlenecks became our border points.
When Chávez became Venezuela's president in 1999, oil prices were climbing. In the early 2010s, a barrel would often fetch about $100, providing the government with plenty of money to pour into social programmes. But with current prices around the $65 mark, the country looks less like a reasonable investment.